blackford



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1. A. J. BLAGKFORD.

HYDROGARBON BURNER. No. 518,305. Patented Apr. 17, 1894.

(No Model.) X I 2 Sheets-Sheet, 2.

A. J. BLAGKFORD. HYDROOARBON BURNER.

No. 518,305. Patented Apr. 17,1894.

UNITED STATES ATVVELL J. BLAOKFORD, OF MEDINA, OHIO, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO THE PATENT OFFICE.

DURAND MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

HYDROCARBON-BURNER.

SPECIFICATION forming part Of Letters Patent N0- 518,305, dated April17, 1894.

I Application filedMaroh 10, 1893- Serlal No. 465.402- (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, ATWELL J. BLACKFORD, a citizen of the United States,residing at Medina, in the county of Medina and State of Ohio, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Hydrocarbon-Burners; andI do herebydeclare that the following is a full, clear, and exactdescription of the invention, which will enable others skilled in theart to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to hydro-carbon burners of the variety in which awick is used, substantially after the fashion of the Argand burner.

The invention consists in the several features of construction andcombinations of parts, substantially as shown and described andparticularly pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of the burnershowing the combustion tubes in a tilted position, and a verticalcentral sectional elevation of the protecting drum or hood about theupper portion of the burner. Fig. 2 is a vertical centralsectionalelevation of the burner and combustion tubes, as they appear in use.Fig. '3 is a side elevation of a burner and burner tubes constructed asshown in Figs. 1 and 2, but showing modified means for raising saidtubes from the burner to enable the burner to be lighted. Fig. at is aside elevation of the parts shown in Fig. 3, but with the tubes in araised position for lighting. In Fig.3 these tubes are down as inposition for use.

The burner proper, which contains the wick, is made preferably of sheetmetal and formed with the outer and inner walls A and B, respectively.Between these walls is a chamber for the wick a, and the usual or anyapproved means may be used for raising and lowering the Wick, therebeing no invention in this particular part of the burner. There is,however, invention in the upper part thereof.

Usually in burners of this kind there-is a tendency in the oil to flowsome after the burner is extinguished, and I have found that if someprovision be not made to preventthe.

overflow of oil from the wick after extinguishment occurs, it is liableto run down the outside or possibly the inside of the burner, and

ing a shoulder 2 and a vertical flange 3 on. the topof the outer wall A,and a likeshoul-- der 4 and a vertical flange or wall 5 on the innerwall B, so that a channel is formed, as

vit were, having its sides or walls apart from the Wick and ofsufficientheight to prevent the overflow of oil just referred to. Whatever oil mayescape from the wick after extinguishment of the flame is confined inthis channel and will be taken up again by the wick and does not escapeor become offensive in any way in or about the burner. Then a furtherfunction is performed by the walls 3 and 5, respectively, in that theyprovide a base or support for the perforated combustion tubes Cand D.These tubes are fixed together, in this instance by short connectingbolts 0, but of course other equivalent means of connecting said partsmay be substituted for the bolts. Thus connected with one another, thesaid tubes are seated upon the shoulders 2 and 1, respectively, andwithin the walls 3 and 5, and the said tubes are free to be raisedbodily from said seat. This construction makes it easy and convenientfor replacing the tubes ,when they have been raised or removed, as fortrimming the wick or for lighting the burner.

I have shown here two ways of raising the tubes for initial lighting.Thus in Figs. 1 and 2 is a peculiarly formed lover or handle E, fixedrigidly to the outer tube at its bottom and extending outwardly at itsfree end into convenient position to be reached by the attendant fromthe front of the stove. It will be noticed also that this handle is bentoutward a slight distance at 6 from the tube B, and then downward andinward at 7 to form a shoulder and support for the said in balancing thetubes in this tilted position.

Then when the burner has been lighted with a match or taper, or otherconvenient means, the tubes are tilted back into their working IOCposition and the said lever thus constructed assists in guiding them totheir seat forming a sort of hinge. It will of course be noticed thatthere issnfficient distance between the top F of the stove and theburner proper to pernit the combustion tubes to be thus handle In Figs.3 and 4, I show a modification of this construction. In these figuresthe arrangement is to raise the combustion tubes within vertical linesinstead of tilting them, and here we have a skirting G extending aroundthe outside of the burner and fixed rigidly at intervals to the outertube D and apart therefrom and from the burner proper about as shown insaid Figs. 3 and 4:. Then I place upon the burner proper a sleeve ortube H, adapted to turn thereon and provided with a handle 8 to turn it.This sleeve or tube has an inclined or cam shaped edge 9, extending fromthe point 10, Fig. 3, around to the point. 11, Fig. 4, and so inclinedor formed and arranged that when the burner tubes are down upon theirseat, the said cam or inclined edge will sustain the relation shown inFig. 3 to the projection 12 upon the outer tube A. This swell orprojection is used in this instance for convenience because it isnecessary here to provide a chamber for the wick controlling mechanism.I might, however, as well provide a suitable projection elsewhere uponthe said outer wall of the 1 burner upon which the incline might rideand serve the same purpose.

At the upper edge of the sleeve or thi mble H are lateral projections 13at intervals to engage the skirting Gand upon which it rests whenlifted. These projections 13 might of course be substituted by aflangeor its equivalent or an equivalent construction of the skirting and thesaid sleeve might be adopted and still be within the spirit of theinvention. The exact means here shown need not of course be strictlyfollowed to get the result desired, which is the raising and lowering ofthe combustion tubes.

New, having the parts thus constructed and arranged the operator seizesthe handle 8 and turns it to the right. This causesthe inclined edge 9to ride up on the projection 12,and in thus riding to carry the saidsleeve H and the skirting and the combustion tubes upward to a positionas seen in Fig. 4, where the combustion tubes are raised sufficient-1yabove the wick to enable lighting to be effected. The inclination 9 isatsufficient angle to hold the parts in any position to which they maybe turned, and the said parts may be supported as shown at Fig. 4, or ata less elevation if desired. Then when lighting has been efiected thesaid parts are simply turned back to their proper place and the burneris lighted. It remains then for the attendant to control the flame justas in an ordinary lamp.

A further feature of the invention is found in the perforated diaphragmK within the phragm or disk. is perforated beneath the said diaphragm N,

the top of the said burner tubes.

burner proper atits upper portion and about opposite the point ofcombustion. And in conjunction with this diaphragm isanot-her perforateddiaphragm L some short distance above thediaphragm K and supportedwithin the inner tube Gas shown, or in some equivalent way. Theinvention of the lower diaphragm is more particularly to prevent a rushof air up through the burner. It is found that with a diaphragm of thiskind perforated for the passage of air, but yet serving as a damper orcheck to the flow of air, the burner itself is kept cool. There seems tobe a quantity of cool air constantly present within the burner beneathsaid diaphragm and the effect upon the burner is wholly dilferent fromwhat it would be if this diaphragm were omitted, and there Were a freeflow of air through this space. The diaphragm L on the other hand iscontributory in a measure to this result and is designed to preventreflection downward of the heat of the burner. It will be noticed thatan air space or chamber is thusformed between the two diaphragms K andL, and this likewise contributes to prevent the downward radiation ofheat, so that with the said diaphragms and the said chamber I am enabledto keep the body of the burner about the wick absolutely cool howeverlong the burner may be used, and this is esteemed a great advantage onmany accounts. It will be noticed that the inner tube 0 has also withinit a diaphragm N toward its upper portion, and that there is a centralair passage 14 in this dia- Also that the said tube C but is wholeabovethe same except about the top where there are large openings or holes15. Now one of the results of this construction is the supply of a flamecentrally about If some provision of this kind were not made combustionwould occur only in a ring, as it were, about the top of the combustionchamber,

and there would be a dead cold spot in the middle of the ring. This Iovercome by the construction shown and thus diffuse the flame and heatover the entire surface above the burner chamber. This occurs by reasonof air flowing through the central hole 14, which this meets withproducts of combustion which flow inward from the combustion chamberthrough holes 15 into what may be termed a partial vacuum within the topof the inner combustion tube. The fresh heated air fed through the saidhole 14: promotes and completes combustion in this central space.

In Fig. 1 a drum 0 is shown as connected with the top plateof the stove,and extending down so as to practically inclosethe combustion portion ofthe burner. .This drum is designed to protect the burner from adversedrafts or gusts of wind which are liable to materially disturbcombustion.

It is made sufficiently large not to interfere with the" movements ofthe burner tubes, and has an opening about the burner at its bottom andsuitable and sufieient openings about its top to permit all the airnecessary to supply combustion, but it is also sufficiently closed toprevent the burner from being disturbed from Winds or breezes as noted.In a full sized burner the space between the perforated tubes is aboutthree-eights of an inch and equal all around. The perforations in thetubes should start directly at the bottom so as to promote a blue andodorless fiame.

It will be noticed that the tubes may be turned or rotated on theirseats, and this is done to adjust them to an equal flame all around theburner, providing the wick is not truly trimmed.

Having thus described my invention,what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In an oil burner, the body of the burner constructed fora wick, thecombustion tubes connected together and free to rotate on the burner,and a single projection on the outer tube forming a pivot on which totilt said tubes to light the burner, and continued outwardly from thetubes to constitute a handle for rotating said tubes, substantially asdescribed.

2. The burner, and connected inner and outer perforated combustion tubeshaving a chamber between them, the inner tube being provided with adiaphragmin its upper end having a central air opening or passage andthe saidinner tube extending above the outer tube and having a series oflarge openings about its top above said diaphragm, said inner tube beingimperforate between said diaphragm and said openings, substantially asdescribed.

3. The burner described having a pair of perforated combustion walls andtwo perforated diaphragms spanning the interior of the burner andarranged respectively in about the plane of the base of flame and somedistance above such base and forming a cooling and air collectingchamber between them, substantially as described.

Witness my hand to the foregoing specification this 22d day of February,1893.

I ATWE'LL J. BLAOKFORD.

Witnesses:

E. O. PHILLIPS, FRANK BURRY.

